ASME B31.1 vs. ASME B31.3: Conozca los códigos de diseño de tuberías

Introducción

En el diseño e ingeniería de tuberías, la selección del código de tuberías adecuado es esencial para garantizar la seguridad, la eficiencia y el cumplimiento de las normas de la industria. Dos de los códigos de diseño de tuberías más reconocidos son Normativa ASME B31.1 y Norma ASME B31.3Si bien ambos provienen de la Sociedad Estadounidense de Ingenieros Mecánicos (ASME) y rigen el diseño y la construcción de sistemas de tuberías, sus aplicaciones difieren significativamente. Comparación entre ASME B31.1 y ASME B31.3 El debate es crucial para seleccionar el código correcto para su proyecto, ya sea que involucre plantas de energía, procesamiento químico o instalaciones industriales.

Descripción general: ASME B31.1 frente a ASME B31.3

What is ASME B31.3 or Process Piping Code?

Normativa ASME B31.1 es la norma que rige el diseño, la construcción y el mantenimiento de los sistemas de tuberías de las centrales eléctricas. Se aplica a los sistemas de tuberías de las centrales eléctricas, plantas industriales y otras instalaciones en las que interviene la generación de energía. Este código se centra principalmente en la integridad de los sistemas que manejan vapor, agua y gases calientes a alta presión.

Aplicaciones típicas:Centrales eléctricas, sistemas de calefacción, turbinas y sistemas de calderas.
Rango de presión:Sistemas de vapor y fluidos a alta presión.
Rango de temperatura:Servicio de alta temperatura, especialmente para aplicaciones de vapor y gas.

What is ASME B31.1 or Power Piping Code?

Norma ASME B31.3 applies to the design and construction of piping systems used in chemical, petrochemical, and pharmaceutical industries. It governs systems that transport chemicals, gases, or liquids under different pressure and temperature conditions, often including hazardous materials. This code also covers the associated support systems and the safety considerations of handling chemicals and dangerous substances.

Aplicaciones típicas:Plantas de procesamiento químico, refinerías, instalaciones farmacéuticas, plantas de alimentos y bebidas.
Rango de presión:Generalmente inferior al rango de presión en ASME B31.1, dependiendo de los tipos de fluidos y su clasificación.
Rango de temperatura: varies depending en los fluidos químicos, pero normalmente es menor que en las condiciones extremas Normativa ASME B31.1.

Difference Between ASME B31.3 and ASME B31.1 (ASME B31.3 vs ASME B31.1)

Sr No	Parámetro	ASME B31.3-Process Piping	ASME B31.1-Power Piping
1	Alcance	Provides rules for Process or Chemical Plants	Provides rules for Power Plants
2	Basic Allowable Material Stress	Basic allowable material stress value is higher (For example the allowable stress value for A 106 B material at 250 Deg C is 132117.328 Kpa as per ASME B31.3)	Basic allowable material stress value is lower (For example the allowable stress value for A 106 B material at 250 Deg C is 117900.344 Kpa as per ASME B31.3)
3	Allowable Sagging (Sustained)	The ASME B31.3 code does not specifically limit allowable sagging. An allowable sagging of up to 15 mm is generally acceptable. ASME B31.3 does not provide a suggested support span.	ASME B31.1 clearly specifies the allowable sagging value as 2.5 mm. Table 121.5-1 of ASME B31.1 provides suggested support span.
4	SIF on Reducers	Process Piping Code ASME B31.3 does not use SIF (SIF=1.0) for reducer stress calculation	Power Piping code ASME B31.1 uses a maximum SIF of 2.0 for reducers while stress calculation.
5	Factor of Safety	ASME B31.3 uses a factor of safety of 3; relatively lower than ASME B31.1.	ASME B31.1 uses a safety factor of 4 to have higher reliability as compared to Process plants
6	SIF for Butt Welded Joints	ASME B31.3 uses a SIF of 1.0 for buttwelded joints	ASME B31.1 uses a SIF of up to 1.9 max in stress calculation.
7	Approach towards SIF	ASME B31.3 uses a complex in-plane, out-of-plane SIF approach.	ASME B31.1 uses a simplified single SIF Approach.
8	Maximum values of Sc and Sh	As per the Process Piping code, the maximum value of Sc and Sh are limited to 138 Mpa or 20 ksi.	For the Power piping code, the maximum value of Sc and Sh are 138 Mpa only if the minimum tensile strength of the material is 70 ksi (480Mpa); otherwise, it depends on the values provided in the mandatory appendix A as per temperature.
9	Allowable Stress for Occasional Stresses	The allowable value of occasional stress is 1.33 times Sh	As per ASME B31.1, the allowable value of occasional stress is 1.15 to 1.20 times Sh
10	The equation for Pipe Wall Thickness Calculation	The equation for pipe wall thickness calculation is valid for t<D/6	There is no such limitation in the Power piping wall thickness calculation. However, they add a limitation on maximum design pressure.
11	Section Modulus, Z for Sustained and Occasional Stresses	While Sustained and Occasional stress calculation the Process Piping code reduces the thickness by corrosion and other allowances.	ASME B31.1 calculates the section modulus using nominal thickness. Thickness is not reduced by corrosion and other allowances.
12	Rules for material usage below -29 Deg. C	ASME B31.3 provides extensive rules for the use of materials below -29 degrees C	The power piping code provides no such rules for pipe materials below -29 degrees C.
13	Maximum Value of Cyclic Stress Range Factor	The maximum value of cyclic stress range factor f is 1.2	The maximum value of is 1.0
14	Allowance for Pressure Temperature Variation	As per clause 302.2.4 of ASME B31.3, occasional pressure temperature variation can exceed the allowable by (a) 33% for no more than 10 hours at any one time and no more than 100 hours/year, or (b) 20% for no more than 50 hours at any one time and no more than 500 hours/year.	As per clause 102.2.4 of ASME B31.1, occasional pressure temperature variation can exceed the allowable by (a) 15% if the event duration occurs for no more than 8 hours at any one time and not more than 800 hours/year or (b) 20% if the event duration occurs for not more than 1 hour at any one time and not more than 80 hour/year.
15	Diseño de vida	Process Piping is normally designed for 20 to 30 years of service life.	Power Piping is generally designed for 40 years or more of service life.
16	PSV reaction force	ASME B31.3 does not provide specific equations for PSV reaction force calculation.	ASME B31.1 provides specific equations for PSV reaction force calculation.

Conclusión

La diferencia crítica en la Comparación entre ASME B31.1 y ASME B31.3 El debate radica en las aplicaciones industriales, los requisitos de materiales y las consideraciones de seguridad. Normativa ASME B31.1 es ideal para sistemas de generación de energía y de alta temperatura, centrándose en la integridad mecánica. Al mismo tiempo, Norma ASME B31.3 is tailored for the chemical and process industries, emphasizing the safe handling of hazardous materials and chemical compatibility. By understanding the distinctions between these two standards, you can decide which code best suits your project’s requirements, ensuring compliance and safety throughout the project’s lifecycle. Whether you are involved in power plant design or system’ processing, choosing the correct piping code is crucial for a successful project.