Background & Introduction ASME SA213 T91, the steel number in the ASME SA213/SA213M standard, belongs to the improved 9Cr-1Mo steel, which was developed from the 1970s to the 1980s by the U.S. Rubber Ridge National Laboratory and the Metallurgical Materials Laboratory of the U.S. Combustion Engineering Corporation in cooperation. Developed based on the earlier 9Cr-1Mo […]
Introduction In the oil and gas industry, particularly in onshore and offshore environments, ensuring the longevity and reliability of materials exposed to aggressive conditions is paramount. This is where standards like NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 vs NACE MR0103/ISO 17495-1 come into play. Both standards provide critical guidance for material selection in sour service environments. However, understanding […]
Introduction In industries such as power generation, oil and gas, petrochemicals, and refineries, seamless tubes are essential components, especially in equipment that must withstand extreme temperatures, high pressures, and harsh, corrosive environments. Boilers, heat exchangers, condensers, superheaters, air preheaters, and economizers use these tubes. Each of these applications demands specific material properties to ensure performance, safety, […]
Wprowadzenie Wybór materiału jest kluczowym krokiem w zapewnieniu niezawodności, bezpieczeństwa i wydajności sprzętu w takich branżach jak ropa i gaz, przetwórstwo chemiczne, inżynieria morska, lotnictwo i wiele innych. Odpowiedni materiał może zapobiegać korozji, wytrzymywać ekstremalne temperatury i utrzymywać integralność mechaniczną w trudnych warunkach. Stale i stopy, takie jak stale węglowe, stopy […]
1. Introduction and Overview Super 13Cr is a martensitic stainless steel alloy known for its exceptional mechanical strength and moderate corrosion resistance, making it ideal for demanding environments. Originally developed for oil and gas applications, Super 13Cr offers a cost-effective alternative to higher alloyed materials, especially in moderately corrosive environments where chloride-induced stress corrosion cracking […]
Introduction When working in construction, particularly in infrastructure projects, selecting the right steel grade for structural hollow sections is critical. Two commonly specified grades are S355J0H and S355J2H, both used extensively in structural hollow sections such as Circular Hollow Sections (CHS), Square Hollow Sections (SHS), and Rectangular Hollow Sections (RHS). These grades are defined under […]
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