How to Pick the Right One for Your Project: Welding Electrodes
Introduction
Welding is a critical process in many industries, especially in the fabrication and joining of metal materials like steel pipes, plates, fittings, flanges, and valves. The success of any welding operation depends heavily on choosing the right welding electrodes. Selecting the appropriate electrode ensures strong, durable welds and reduces the risk of defects, which can compromise the integrity of the welded structure. This guideline aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the Welding Electrodes, offering valuable insights and solutions for common user concerns.
Understanding Welding Electrodes
Welding electrodes, often referred to as welding rods, serve as the filler material used in joining metals. Electrodes are classified into two categories:
- Consumable Electrodes: These melt during welding and contribute material to the joint (e.g., SMAW, GMAW).
- Non-Consumable Electrodes: These do not melt during welding (e.g., GTAW).
Electrodes come in different types, depending on the welding process, base material, and environmental conditions.
Key Factors to Consider for Welding Electrodes Selection
1. Base Material Composition
The chemical composition of the metal to be welded plays a critical role in electrode selection. The electrode material must be compatible with the base material to avoid contamination or weak welds. For example:
- Carbon steel: Use carbon steel electrodes like E6010, E7018.
- Stainless steel: Use stainless steel electrodes such as E308L, E316L.
- Alloy steels: Match the electrode to the alloy grade (e.g., E8018-B2 for Cr-Mo steels).
2. Welding Position
The electrode’s usability in different welding positions (flat, horizontal, vertical, and overhead) is another key factor. Some electrodes, such as E7018, can be used in all positions, while others, like E6010, are particularly good for vertical-down welding.
3. Joint Design and Thickness
- Thicker materials: For welding thick materials, electrodes with deep penetration capabilities (e.g., E6010) are suitable.
- Thin materials: For thinner sections, low-penetration electrodes like E7018 or GTAW rods can prevent burn-through.
4. Welding Environment
- Outdoor vs. Indoor: For outdoor welding, where wind can blow away shielding gas, stick welding electrodes like E6010 and E6011 are ideal due to their self-shielding properties.
- High moisture environments: Electrode coatings must resist moisture absorption to avoid hydrogen-induced cracking. Low-hydrogen electrodes such as E7018 are often used in damp conditions.
5. Mechanical Properties
Consider the mechanical requirements of the welded joint, such as:
- Tensile strength: The electrode’s tensile strength must match or exceed that of the base material.
- Impact toughness: In low-temperature applications (e.g., cryogenic pipelines), choose electrodes designed for good toughness, such as E8018-C3 for -50°C service.
Welding Electrodes Selection Guideline Chart
| P numbers | 1st Base metal | 2nd Base metal | SMAW-best GTAW-best |
GMAW-best FCAW-best |
PWHT REQ’D |
UNS Notes |
| A) For matl data info, P & A #’s,,see (Sec 9, QW Art-4,#422)… (For specific matl see ASME Sect 2-A matls) | ||||||
| B) PWHT REQ’D column does UNS N0t reflect comprehensive heat requirements for all matl, advise further research! (See Sec 8, UCS-56 & UHT-56),,,,,, PreHeat req (See Sec 8 App R) | ||||||
| C) Pink hi-lite means there is missing data and more information is required! | ||||||
| CoCr | SA240,Type-304H (304H SS Heat-resistant Plate) |
ECoCr-A | ||||
| P1 to P1 | SA106, Gr-B (Carbon Steel SMLS Pipe) |
SA106, Gr-B (Carbon Steel SMLS Pipe) |
E7018 ER80S-D2 |
ER80S-D2 E70T-1 |
||
| P1 to P8 | SA106, Gr-B (Carbon Steel SMLS Pipe) |
SA312, Gr-TP304 (304 SS) |
E309 ER309 |
ER309 | ||
| P1 to P8 | SA106, Gr-B (Carbon Steel SMLS Pipe) |
SA312, Gr-TP304 (304L SS) |
E309L-15 ER309L |
|||
| P1 to P8 | SA106, Gr-B (Carbon Steel SMLS Pipe) |
SA312, Gr-TP316 (316 SS) |
E309-16 ER309 |
|||
| P1 to P4 | SA106, Gr-B (Carbon Steel SMLS Pipe) |
SA335, Gr-P11 | E8018-B2 ER80S-B2L |
Y | ||
| P1 to P5A | SA106, Gr-B (Carbon Steel SMLS Pipe) |
SA335, Gr-P22 | E9018-B3 ER90S-B3L |
Y | ||
| P1 to P45 | SA106, Gr-B (Carbon Steel SMLS Pipe) |
SB464, UNS N080xx (NiCrMo Pipe) |
ER309 | Includes alloys 8020, 8024, 8026 | ||
| P1 to P1 | SA106, Gr-B (Carbon Steel SMLS Pipe) |
SA106, Gr-C (Carbon Steel SMLS Pipe) |
E7018 ER80S-D2 |
ER80S-D2 E70T-1 |
||
| P1 to P1 | SA178, Gr-A (Carbon Steel Tubes) |
SA178, Gr-A (Carbon Steel Tubes) |
E6010 ER70S-2 |
|||
| P1 to P1 | SA178, Gr-A (Carbon Steel Tubes) |
SA178, Gr-C (Carbon Steel Tubes) |
E7018 ER80S-D2 |
ER80S-D2 E70T-1 |
||
| P1 to P1 | SA178, Gr-C (Carbon Steel Tubes) |
SA178, Gr-C (Carbon Steel Tubes) |
E7018 ER70S-6 |
ER70S-6 E71T-1 |
||
| P1 to P1 | SA179 Cold-Drawn Low Carbon Steel Tubes |
SA179 Cold-Drawn Low Carbon Steel Tubes |
E7018 ER70S-6 |
ER70S-6 E71T-1 |
||
| P1 to P1 | SA181,Cl-60 (Carbon Steel Forgings) |
SA181,Cl-60 (Carbon Steel Forgings) |
E6010 ER80S-D2 |
ER80S-D2 E70T-1 |
||
| P1 to P1 | SA181,Cl-70 (Carbon Steel Forgings) |
SA181,Cl-70 (Carbon Steel Forgings) |
E7018 ER80S-D2 | ER80S-D2 E70T-1 |
||
| P3 to P3 | SA182, Gr-F1 (C-1/2Mo, Hi-Temp Service) |
SA182, Gr-F1 (C-1/2Mo, Hi-Temp Service) |
E7018-A1 ER80S-D2 |
ER80S-D2 E81T1-A1 |
||
| P8 to P8 | SA182, Gr-F10 (310 SS) |
SA182, Gr-F10 (310 SS) |
E310-15 ER310 |
ER310 | F10 UNS N0t in current Sec. II | |
| P4 to P4 | SA182, Gr-F11 (1 1/4 Cr 1/2 Mo) |
SA182, Gr-F11 (1 1/4 Cr 1/2 Mo) |
E8018-CM ER80S-D2 |
ER80S-D2 E80T5-B2 |
Y | |
| P4 to P4 | SA182, Gr-F12 (1 Cr 1/2 Mo) |
SA182, Gr-F12 (1 Cr 1/2 Mo) |
E8018-CM ER80S-D2 |
ER80S-D2 E80T5-B2 |
Y | |
| P3 to P3 | SA182, Gr-F2 (1/2 Cr 1/2 MO) |
SA182, Gr-F2 (1/2 Cr 1/2 Mo) |
E8018-CM ER80S-D2 |
ER80S-D2 E80T5-B2 |
||
| P5A to P5A | SA182, Gr-F21 (3 Cr 1Mo) |
SA182, Gr-F21 (3 Cr 1 Mo) |
E9018-B3 ER90S-B3L |
ER90S-B3 E90T5-B3 |
Y | |
| P5A to P5A | SA182, Gr-F22 (2 1/4 Cr 1 Mo) |
SA182, Gr-F22 (2 1/4 Cr 1 Mo) |
E9018-B3 ER90S-B3L |
ER90S-B3 E90T5-B3 |
Y | |
| P8 to P8 | SA182, Gr-F304 (304 SS) |
SA182, Gr-F304 (304 SS) |
E308-15 ER308 |
ER308 E308T-1 |
||
| P8 to P8 | SA182, Gr-F310 (310 SS) |
SA182, Gr-F310 (310 SS) |
E310-15 ER310 |
ER310 | ||
| P8 to P8 | SA182, Gr-F316 (316 SS) |
SA182, Gr-F316 (316 SS) |
E316-15 ER316 |
ER316 E316T-1 |
||
| P8 to P8 | SA182, Gr-F316 (316 SS) |
SA249, Gr-TP317 (317 SS) |
E308 ER308 |
ER308 E308T-1 |
||
| P8 to P8 | SA182, Gr-F316L (316L SS) |
SA182, Gr-F316L (316L SS) |
E316L-15 ER316L |
ER316L E316LT-1 |
||
| P8 to P8 | SA182, Gr-321 (321 SS) |
SA182, Gr-321 (321 SS) |
E347-15 ER347 |
ER347 E347T-1 |
||
| P8 to P8 | SA182, Gr-347 (347 SS) |
SA182, Gr-347 (347 SS) |
E347-15 ER347 |
ER347 E347T-1 |
||
| P8 to P8 | SA182, Gr-348 (348 SS) |
SA182, Gr-348 (348 SS) |
E347-15 ER347 |
ER347 | ||
| P7 to P7 | SA182, Gr-F430 (17 Cr) |
SA182, Gr-F430 (17 Cr) |
E430-15 ER430 |
ER430 | ||
| P5B to P5B | SA182, Gr-F5 (5 Cr 1/2 Mo) |
SA182, Gr-F5 (5 Cr 1/2 Mo) |
E9018-B3 ER80S-B3 |
ER80S-B3 E90T1-B3 |
Y | |
| P5B to P5B | SA182, Gr-F5a (5 Cr 1/2 Mo) |
SA182, Gr-F5a (5 Cr 1/2 Mo) |
ER9018-B3 E90S-B3 |
ER90S-B3 E90T1-B3 |
Y | |
| P6 to P6 | SA182, Gr-F6a,C (13 Cr, Tp410) |
SA182, Gr-F6a,C (13 Cr, Tp410) |
E410-15 ER410 |
ER410 E410T-1 |
||
| P1 to P1 | SA192 (Carbon Steel SMLS Boiler Tubes) |
SA192 (Carbon Steel SMLS Boiler Tubes) |
E6010 ER80S-D2 |
ER80S-D2 E70T-1 |
||
| P4 to P4 | SA199, Gr T11 | SA199, Gr T11 | E8018-B2 ER80S-B2 |
ER80S-B2 E80C-B2 |
Y | SA199 – Deleted spec |
| P5A to P5A | SA199, Gr T21 | SA199, Gr T21 | E9018-B3 ER90S-B3 |
ER90S-B3 E90T5-B3 |
Y | SA199 – Deleted spec |
| P5A to P5A | SA199, Gr T22 | SA199, Gr T22 | E9018-B3 ER90S-B3 |
ER90S-B3 | Y | SA199 – Deleted spec |
| P4 to P4 | SA199, Gr T3b | SA199, Gr T3b | E9018-B3 ER90S-B3 |
ER90S-B3 E90C-B3 |
Y | SA199 – Deleted spec |
| P5A to P5A | SA199, Gr T4 | SA199, Gr T4 | E9018-B3 ER90S-B3 |
ER90S-B3 E90C-B3 |
Y | SA199 – Deleted spec |
| P5B to P5B | SA199, Gr T5 | SA199, Gr T5 | E8018-B6-15 ER80S-B6 |
ER80S-B6 E8018-B6T-1 |
Y | SA199 – Deleted spec |
| P4 to P4 | SA202, Gr-A (Alloy Steel, Cr, Mn, Si) |
SA202, Gr-A (Alloy Steel, Cr, Mn, Si) |
E7018-A1 ER80S-D2 |
ER80S-D2 E81T1-A1 |
Y | |
| P4 to P4 | SA202, Gr-B (Alloy Steel, Cr, Mn, Si) |
SA202, Gr-B (Alloy Steel, Cr, Mn, Si) |
E8018-B2 ER80S-B2 |
ER80S-D2 | Y | |
| P9A to P9A | SA203, Gr-A (Alloy Steel, Nickel) |
SA203, Gr-A (Alloy Steel, Nickel) |
E8018-C1 ER80S-NI2 |
ER80S-NI2 E81T1-Ni2 |
||
| P9A to P9A | SA203, Gr-B (Alloy Steel, Nickel) |
SA203, Gr-B (Alloy Steel, Nickel) |
E8018-C1 ER80S-NI2 |
ER80S-NI2 E81T1-Ni2 |
||
| P9B to P9B | SA203, Gr-D (Alloy Steel, Nickel) |
SA203, Gr-D (Alloy Steel, Nickel) |
E8018-C2 ER80S-Ni3 |
ER80S-Ni3 | ||
| P9B to P9B | SA203, Gr-E (Alloy Steel, Nickel) |
SA203, Gr-E (Alloy Steel, Nickel) |
ER80S-Ni3 ER80S-Ni3 |
ER80S-Ni3 | ||
| P3 to P3 | SA204, Gr-A (Alloy Steel, Molybdenum) |
SA204, Gr-A (Alloy Steel, Molybdenum) |
E7018-A1 ER80S-D2 |
ER80S-D2 | ||
| P3 to P3 | SA204, Gr-B (Alloy Steel, Molybdenum) |
SA204, Gr-B (Alloy Steel, Molybdenum) |
E7018-A1 ER80S-D2 |
ER80S-D2 | ||
| P3 to P5B | SA204, Gr-B (Alloy Steel, Molybdenum) |
SA387, Gr-5 (5Cr1/2Mo Plate) |
ER80S-B6 | Y | ||
| P3 to P43 | SA204, Gr-B (Alloy Steel, Molybdenum) |
SB168, UNS N066xx | ENiCrFe-5 ERNiCr-3 |
ERNiCr-3 | High Nickel/Chrome, need final two digits to determine composition | |
| P3 to P3 | SA204, Gr-C (Alloy Steel, Molybdenum) |
SA204, Gr-C (Alloy Steel, Molybdenum) |
E10018,M | |||
| P3 to P3 | SA209, Gr-T1 (C 1/2Mo Boiler Tube) |
SA209, Gr-T1 (C 1/2Mo Boiler Tube) |
E7018 ER80S-D2 |
ER80S-D2 E70T-1 |
||
| P3 to P3 | SA209, Gr-T1a (C 1/2Mo Boiler Tube) |
SA209, Gr-T1a (C 1/2Mo Boiler Tube) |
E7018 ER80S-D2 |
ER80S-D2 E70T-1 |
||
| P3 to P3 | SA209, Gr-T1b (C 1/2Mo Boiler Tube) |
SA209, Gr-T1b (C 1/2Mo Boiler Tube) |
E7018 ER80S-D2 |
ER80S-D2 E70T-1 |
||
| P1 to P1 | SA210, Gr-C (Medium CS Boiler Tubes) |
SA210, Gr-C (Medium CS Boiler Tubes) |
E7018 ER80S-D2 |
ER80S-D2 E70T-1 |
||
| P4 to P4 | SA213, Gr-T11 (1 1/4Cr,1/2Mo Tubes) |
SA213, Gr-T11 (1 1/4CR,1/2Mo Tubes) |
E8018-B2 ER80S-B2 |
ER80S E80C-B2 |
Y | |
| P4 to P4 | SA213, Gr-T12 (1 Cr,1/2Mo Tubes) |
SA213, Gr-T12 (1 CR,1/2Mo Tubes) |
ER80S-B2 ER80S-B2 |
ER80S-B2 E80C-B2 |
Y | |
| P10B to P10B | SA213, Gr-T17 (1 Cr Tubes) |
SA213, Gr-T17 (1 Cr Tubes) |
ER80S-B2 E80C-B2 |
|||
| P3 to P3 | SA213, Gr-T2 (1/2 Cr, 1/2Mo Tubes) |
SA213, Gr-T2 (1/2CR, 1/2MO Tubes) |
E8018-B2 ER80S-B2 |
ER80S-B2 E80C-B2 |
||
| P5A to P5A | SA213, Gr-T21 (3Cr, 1/2Mo Tubes) |
SA213, Gr-T21 (3 CR,1/2Mo Tubes) |
E9018-B3 ER90S-B3 |
ER90S-B3 E90T1-B3 |
Y | |
| P5A to P5A | SA213, Gr-T22 (2 1/4Cr 1Mo Tube) |
SA213, Gr-T22 (2 1/4 Cr 1 Mo Tube) |
E9018-B3 ER90S-B3 |
ER90S-B3 | Y | |
| P4 to P4 | SA213, Gr-T3b | SA213, Gr-T3b | E9018-B3 ER90S-B3 |
ER90S-B3 E90T1-B3 |
Y | |
| P5B to P5B | SA213, Gr-T5 (5 Cr 1/2 Mo Tube) |
SA213, Gr-T5 (5 Cr 1/2 Mo Tube) |
E8018-B6-15 ER80S-B6 |
ER80S-B6 E8018-B6T-1 |
Y | |
| P5B to P5B | SA213, Gr-T5b (5 Cr 1/2 Mo Tube) |
SA213, Gr-T5b (5 Cr 1/2 Mo Tube) |
E8018-B6-15 ER80S-B6 |
ER80S-B6 E8018-B6T-1 |
Y | |
| P5B to P5B | SA213, Gr-T5c (5 Cr 1/2 Mo Tube) |
SA213, Gr-T5c (5 Cr 1/2 Mo Tube) |
E8018-B6-15 ER80S-B6 |
ER80S-B6 E8018-B6T-1 |
Y | |
| P8 to P8 | SA213, Gr-TP304 (304 SS Tube) |
SA213, Gr-TP304 (304 SS Tube) |
E308-15 ER308 |
ER308 E308T-1 |
||
| P8 to P8 | SA213, Gr-TP304L (304L SS Tube) |
SA213, Gr-TP304L (304L SS Tube) |
E308-L-16 ER308L |
ER308L E308LT-1 |
||
| P8 to P8 | SA213, Gr-TP310 (310 SS Tube) |
SA213, Gr-TP310 (310 SS Tube) |
E310Cb-15 ER310 |
ER310 | ||
| P8 to P8 | SA213, Gr-TP316 (316 SS Tube) |
SA213, Gr-TP316 (316 SS Tube) |
E316-16 ER316 |
ER316 E316T-1 |
||
| P8 to P8 | SA213, Gr-TP316L (316L SS Tube) |
SA213, Gr-TP316L (316L SS Tube) |
E316-16 ER316L |
ER316L E316LT-1 |
||
| P8 to P8 | SA213, Gr-TP321 (321 SS Tube) |
SA213, Gr-TP321 (321 SS Tube) |
E347-15 ER347 |
ER347 E347T-1 |
||
| P8 to P8 | SA213, Gr-TP347 (347 SS Tube) |
SA213, Gr-TP347 (347 SS Tube) |
E347-15 ER347 |
ER347 E347T-1 |
||
| P8 to P8 | SA213, Gr-TP348 (348 SS Tube) |
SA213, Gr-TP348 (348 SS Tube) |
E347-15 ER347 |
ER347 | ||
| P1 to P1 | SA214 (Carbon Steel RW Tubes) |
SA214 (Carbon Steel RW Tubes) |
E7018-A1 ER80S-D2 |
ER80S-D2 | ||
| P1 to P1 | SA216, Gr-WCA (C.S Hi-Temp Casting) |
SA216, Gr-WCA (C.S Hi-Temp Casting) |
E7018 ER70S-3 |
ER70S-3 E70T-1 |
||
| P1 to P1 | SA216, Gr-WCB (C.S Hi-Temp Casting) |
SA216, Gr-WCB (C.S Hi-Temp Casting) |
E7018 ER70S-3 |
ER70S-3 E70T-1 |
||
| P1 to P1 | SA216, Gr-WCC (C.S Hi-Temp Casting) |
SA216, Gr-WCC (C.S Hi-Temp Casting) |
E7018 ER70S-3 |
ER70S-3 E70T-1 |
||
| P6 to P6 | SA217, Gr-CA15 (13Cr1/2Mo Hi-Temp Casting) |
SA217, Gr-CA15 (13Cr1/2Mo Hi-Temp Casting) |
E410-15 ER410 |
ER410 ER410T-1 |
||
| P3 to P3 | SA217, Gr-WC1 (C1/2Mo Hi-Temp Casting) |
SA217, Gr-WC1 (C1/2Mo Hi-Temp Casting) |
E7018 ER70S-3 |
ER70S-6 E70T-1 |
||
| P4 to P4 | SA217, Gr-WC4 (NiCrMo Hi-Temp Casting) |
SA217, Gr-WC4 (NiCrMo Hi-Temp Casting) |
E8018-B2 ER80S-B2 |
ER80S-B2 E80C-B2 |
Y | |
| P4 to P4 | SA217, Gr-WC5 (NiCrMo Hi-Temp Casting) |
SA217, Gr-WC5 (NiCrMo Hi-Temp Casting) |
E8018-B2 ER80S-B2 |
ER80S-B2 E80C B2 |
Y | |
| P5A to P5A | SA217, Gr-WC9 (CrMo Hi-Temp Casting) |
SA217, Gr-WC9 (CrMo Hi-Temp Casting) |
E9018-B3 ER90S-B3 |
ER90S-B3 E90C B3 |
Y | |
| P10A to P10A | SA225, Gr-C (MnVaNi Plate) |
SA225, Gr-C (MnVaNi Plate) |
E11018-M | E11018-M | ||
| P10A to P10A | SA225, Gr-D (MnVaNi Plate) |
SA225, Gr-D (MnVaNi Plate) |
E8018-C3 ER80S-D2 |
ER80S-D2 E81T1-Ni2 |
||
| P1 to P1 | SA226 (Carbon Steel RW Tubes) |
SA226 (Carbon Steel RW Tubes) |
E7018 ER80S-D2 |
ER80S-D2 E70T-1 |
SA 226 deleted from ASME Sect. II | |
| P3 to P3 | SA234, Gr-WP1 (C1/2Mo Pipe Fittings) |
SA234, Gr-WP1 (C1/2Mo Pipe Fittings) |
E7018 ER80S-D2 |
ER80S-D2 E70T-1 |
||
| P4 to P4 | SA234, Gr-WP11 (1 1/4Cr1/2Mo Pipe Fittings) |
SA234, Gr-WP11 (1 1/4Cr1/2Mo Pipe Fittings) |
E8018-B1 ER80S-B2 |
ER80S-B2 E80C-B2 |
Y | |
| P5A to P5A | SA234, Gr-WP22 (2 1/4Cr1Mo Pipe Fittings) |
SA234, Gr-WP22 (2 1/4Cr1Mo Pipe Fittings) |
ER90S-B3 ER90S-B3 |
ER90S-B3 E90C-B3 |
Y | |
| P5B to P5B | SA234, Gr-WP5 (5Cr1/2Mo Pipe Fittings) |
SA234, Gr-WP5 (5Cr1/2Mo Pipe Fittings) |
E8018-B6-15 ER80S-B6 |
ER80S-B6 E8018-B6T-1 |
Y | |
| P1 to P1 | SA234, Gr-WPB (CrMo Pipe Fittings) |
SA234, Gr-WPB (CrMo Pipe Fittings) |
E6010 ER80S-D2 |
ER80S-D2 E70T-1 |
||
| P1 to P1 | SA234, Gr-WPC (CrMo Pipe Fittings) |
SA234, Gr-WPC (CrMo Pipe Fittings) |
E6010 ER80S-D2 |
ER80S-D2 E70T-1 |
||
| P8 to P8 | SA240,Type-302 (302 SS Heat-resistant Plate) |
SA240,Type-302 (302 SS Heat-resistant Plate) |
E308-15 ER308 |
ER308 E308T-1 |
||
| P8 to P8 | SA240,Type-304 (304 SS Heat-resistant Plate) |
SA240,Type-304 (304 SS Heat-resistant Plate) |
E308-16 ER308 |
ER308 E308T-1 |
||
| P8 to P42 | SA240,Type-304 (304 SS Heat-resistant Plate) |
SB127, UNS N04400 (63Ni30Cu Plate) |
ENiCrFe-3 ERNiCr-3 |
ERNiCr-3 | ||
| P8 to P41 | SA240,Type-304 (304 SS Heat-resistant Plate) |
SB162, UNS N02200, 2201 (Nickel-99%) |
Eni-1 | ERNi-1 | ||
| P8 to P43 | SA240,Type-304 (304 SS Heat-resistant Plate) |
SB168, UNS N066xx | ENiCrFe-5 ERNiCr-3 |
ERNiCr-3 | Multiple 6600 series alloys, need more info | |
| P8 to P44 | SA240,Type-304 (304 SS Heat-resistant Plate) |
SB333, UNS N10001 (Nickel Molybdenum Plate) |
ERNiMo-7 | |||
| P8 to P45 | SA240,Type-304 (304 SS Heat-resistant Plate) |
SB409, UNS N088xx (NiFeCr Plate) |
ENiCrFe-3 ERNiCr-3 |
Includes alloys 8800, 8810, 8811 | ||
| P8 to P43 | SA240,Type-304 (304 SS Heat-resistant Plate) |
SB435, UNS N06002 (NiFeCr Plate) |
ENiCrMo-2 | |||
| P8 to P8 | SA240,Type-304H (304H SS Heat-resistant Plate) |
SA240,Type-304H (304H SS Heat-resistant Plate) |
E308H-16 | ER308 E308T-1 |
||
| P8 to P9B | SA240,Type-304L (304L SS Heat-resistant Plate) |
SA203, Gr-E (Alloy Steel, Nickel Plate) |
ENiCrFe-3 | |||
| P8 to P8 | SA240,Type-304L (304L SS Heat-resistant Plate) |
SA240,Type-304L (304L SS Heat-resistant Plate) |
E308L-16 ER308L |
ER308L E308T-1 |
||
| P8 to P1 | SA240,Type-304L (304L SS Heat-resistant Plate) |
SA516, Gr-60 (Carbon Steel) |
ER309L | |||
| P8 to P45 | SA240,Type-304L (304L SS Heat-resistant Plate) |
SB625, UNS N089xx (NiCrMoCu Plate) |
ENiCrMo-3 | Multiple 8900 series alloys, need more info | ||
| P8 to P8 | SA240,Type-309S (309S Heat-resistant SS Plate) |
SA240,Type 309S (309S Heat-resistant SS Plate) |
E309 ER309 |
ER309 | ||
| P8 to P8 | SA240,Type-316 (316 Heat-resistant SS Plate) |
SA240,Type 316 (316 Heat-resistant SS Plate) |
E316-16 ER316 |
|||
| P8 to P43 | SA240,Type-316 (316 Heat-resistant SS Plate) |
SB168, UNS N066xx | ENiCrFe-5 ERNiCr-3 |
ERNiCr-3 | Multiple 6600 series alloys, need more info | |
| P8 to P45 | SA240,Type-316 (316 Heat-resistant SS Plate) |
SB409, UNS N088xx (NiFeCr Plate) |
ENiCrFe-2 | Includes alloys 8800, 8810, 8811 | ||
| P8 to P8 | SA240,Type-316L (316L SS Heat-resistant Plate) |
SA240,Type-316L (316L SS Heat-resistant Plate) |
E316L-16 ER316L |
ER316L E316LT-1 |
||
| P8 to P43 | SA240,Type-316L (316L SS Heat-resistant Plate) |
SB168, UNS N066xx | ENiCrFe-3 | Multiple 6600 series alloys, need more info | ||
| P8 to P45 | SA240,Type-316L (316L SS Heat-resistant Plate) |
SB463, UNS N080xx (NiCrMo Plate) |
ERNiMo-3 | Includes alloys 8020, 8024, 8026 | ||
| P8 to P8 | SA240,Type-317 (317 SS Heat-resistant Plate) |
SA240,Type-317 (317 SS Heat-resistant Plate) |
E317 | |||
| P8 to P8 | SA240,Type-317L (317L SS Heat-resistant Plate) |
SA240,Type-317L (317L SS Heat-resistant Plate) |
E317L -15 ER317L |
ER317L E317LT-1 |
||
| P8 to P8 | SA240,Type-321 (321 SS Heat-resistant Plate) |
SA240,Type-321 (321 SS Heat-resistant Plate) |
E347 ER347 |
ER347 | ||
| P8 to P8 | SA240,Type-347 (347 SS Heat-resistant Plate) |
SA240,Type-347 (347 SS Heat-resistant Plate) |
E347 ER317 |
ER347 | ||
| P8 to P8 | SA240,Type-348 (348 SS Heat-resistant Plate) |
SA240,Type-348 (348 SS Heat-resistant Plate) |
E347-15 ER347 |
ER347 | ||
| P7 to P7 | SA240,Type-405 (405 Heat-resistant Plate) |
SA240,Type-405 (405 Heat-resistant Plate) |
E410 ER410 |
ER410 | ||
| P6 to P8 | SA240,Type-410 (410 Heat-resistant Plate) |
SA240,Type-304L (304L SS Heat-resistant Plate) |
E309L-16 | |||
| P6 to P7 | SA240,Type-410 (410 Heat-resistant Plate) |
SA240,Type-405 (405 Heat-resistant Plate) |
E410 ER410 |
ER410 | ||
| P6 to P6 | SA240,Type-410 (410 Heat-resistant Plate) |
SA240,Type-410 (410 Heat-resistant Plate) |
R410 ER410 |
ER410 | ||
| P6 to P7 | SA240,Type-410 (410 Heat-resistant Plate) |
SA240,Type-410S (410S Heat-resistant Plate) |
E309-16 | |||
| P7 to P7 | SA240,Type-410S (410S Heat-resistant Plate) |
SA240,Type-410S (410S Heat-resistant Plate) |
E309 ER309 |
ER309 E309LT-1 |
||
| P7 to P7 | SA240,Type-430 (430 Heat-resistant Plate) |
SA240,Type-430 (430 Heat-resistant Plate) |
E430-15 ER430 |
ER430 | ||
| P8 to P8 | SA249, Gr-316L (316L Tubes) |
SA249, Gr-316L (316L Tubes) |
E316L-15 ER316L |
ER316L E316LT-1 |
||
| P8 to P8 | SA249, Gr-TP304 (304 Tubes) |
SA249, Gr-TP304 (304 Tubes) |
E308 ER308 |
ER308 E308T-1 |
||
| P8 to P8 | SA249, Gr-TP304L (304L Tubes) |
SA249, Gr-TP304L (304L Tubes) |
E308L ER308L |
ER308L E308LT-1 |
||
| P8 to P8 | SA249, Gr-TP309 (309 Tubes) |
SA249, Gr-TP309 (309 Tubes) |
E309-15 ER309 |
ER309 E309T-1 |
||
| P8 to P8 | SA249, Gr-TP310 (310 Tubes) |
SA249, Gr-TP317 (317 Tubes) |
E317 ER317Cb |
ER317Cb | ||
| P8 to P8 | SA249, Gr-TP310 (310 Tubes) |
SA249, Gr-TP310 (310 Tubes) |
E310 ER310 |
ER310 | ||
| P8 to P8 | SA249, Gr-TP316 (316 Tubes) |
SA249, Gr-TP316 (316 Tubes) |
E316 ER316 |
ER316 | ||
| P8 to P8 | SA249, Gr-TP316H (316H Tubes) |
SA249, Gr-TP316H (316H Tubes) |
E316-15 ER316 |
ER316 E316T-1 |
||
| P8 to P8 | SA249, Gr-316L (316L Tubes) |
SA249, Gr-316L (316L Tubes) |
E316L ER316L |
ER316L E316LT-1 |
||
| P8 to P8 | SA249, Gr-TP317 (317 Tubes) |
SA249, Gr-TP317 (317 Tubes) |
E317 | |||
| P8 to P8 | SA249, Gr-TP321 (321 Tubes) |
SA249, Gr-TP321 (321 Tubes) |
E347 ER347 |
ER347 | ||
| P8 to P8 | SA249, Gr-TP347 (347 Tubes) |
SA249, Gr-TP347 (347 Tubes) |
E347 ER347 |
ER347 | ||
| P8 to P8 | SA249, Gr-TP348 (348 Tubes) |
SA249, Gr TP348 | E347-15 ER347 |
ER347 | ||
| P1 to P1 | SA266,Class-1,2,3 (Carbon Steel Forgings) |
SA266,Class-1,2,3 (Carbon Steel Forgings) |
E7018 ER70S-3 |
ER70S-5 E70T-1 |
||
| P7 to P7 | SA268, Gr-TP430 (430 General Purpose Tubing) |
SA268, Gr-TP430 (430 General Purpose Tubing) |
E430-15 ER430 |
ER430 | ||
| P1 to P1 | SA283, Gr-A (Carbon Steel Plate) |
SA283, Gr-A (Carbon Steel Plate) |
E7014 ER70S-3 |
ER70S-3 E70T-1 |
||
| P1 to P1 | SA283, Gr-B (Carbon Steel Plate) |
SA283, Gr-B (Carbon Steel Plate) |
E7014 ER70S-3 |
ER70S-3 E70T-1 |
||
| P1 to P8 | SA283, Gr-C (Carbon Steel Plate) |
SA240,Type-304 (304 SS Heat-resistant Plate) |
ER309L | |||
| P1 to P1 | SA283, Gr-C (Carbon Steel Plate) |
SA283, Gr-C (Carbon Steel Plate) |
E7014 ER70S-3 |
ER70S-3 E70T-1 |
||
| P1 to P1 | SA283, Gr-D (Carbon Steel Plate) |
SA283, Gr-D (Carbon Steel Plate) |
E7014 ER70S-3 |
ER70S-3 E70T-1 |
||
| P1 to P1 | SA285, Gr-A (Carbon Steel Plate) |
SA285, Gr-A (Carbon Steel Plate) |
E7018 ER70S-6 |
ER70S-6 E71T-1 |
||
| P1 to P42 | SA285, Gr-A (Carbon Steel Plate) |
SB127, UNS N04400 (63Ni30Cu Plate) |
ENiCu-7 | |||
| P1 to P1 | SA285, Gr-B (Carbon Steel Plate) |
SA285, Gr-B (Carbon Steel Plate) |
E7018 ER70S-6 |
ER70S-6 E71T-1 |
||
| P1 to P8 | SA285, Gr-C (Carbon Steel Plate) |
SA240,Type-304 (304 SS Heat-resistant Plate) |
E309 ER309 | ER309 | ||
| P1 to P8 | SA285, Gr-C (Carbon Steel Plate) |
SA240,Type-31 (316 Heat-resistant SS Plate) |
E309 ER309 |
ER309 | ||
| P1 to P8 | SA285, Gr-C (Carbon Steel Plate) |
SA240,Type-316L (316L SS Heat-resistant Plate) |
ENiCrFe-3 | E316LT-1 | ||
| P1 to P1 | SA285, Gr-C (Carbon Steel Plate) |
SA285, Gr-C (Carbon Steel Plate) |
E7018 ER70S-6 |
ER70S-6 E71T-1 |
||
| P1 to P5A | SA285, Gr-C (Carbon Steel Plate) |
SA387, Gr-22, (2 1/4Cr Plate) |
E7018 ER70S-6 |
ER70S-6 E71T-1 |
Y | |
| P1 to P5A | SA285, Gr-C (Carbon Steel Plate) |
SA387, Gr-22, (2 1/4Cr Plate) |
E7018 ER70S-6 |
ER70S-6 E71T-1 |
Y | |
| P1 to P42 | SA285, Gr-C (Carbon Steel Plate) |
SB127, UNS N04400 (NiCu Plate) |
ENiCu-7 | |||
| P1 to P41 | SA285, Gr-C (Carbon Steel Plate) |
SB162, UNS N02200, 2201 (Nickel-99%) |
Eni-1 ERNi-1 |
ER1T-1 | ||
| P1 to P43 | SA285, Gr-C (Carbon Steel Plate) |
SB168, UNS N066xx | ERNiCr-3 | Multiple 6600 series alloys, need more info | ||
| P1 to P45 | SA285, Gr-C (Carbon Steel Plate) |
SB409, UNS N088xx (NiFeCr Plate) |
ENiCrFe-2 ERNiCr-3 |
ERNiCr-3 | Includes alloys 8800, 8810, 8811 | |
| P1 to P45 | SA285, Gr-C (Carbon Steel Plate) |
SB463, UNS N080xx (NiCrMo Plate) |
E320-15 | Includes alloys 8020, 8024, 8026 | ||
| P1 to P44 | SA285, Gr-C (Carbon Steel Plate) |
SB575, UNS N10276 (Low Carbon NiMoCrW Plate) |
ENiCrFe-2 | |||
| P3 to P3 | SA285, Gr-C (Carbon Steel Plate) |
SA302, Gr-C (Alloy Steel Plate MnMoNi) |
E9018-M | E91T1-K2 | ||
| P8 to P8 | SA312, Gr-TP304 (304 Pipe) |
SA312, Gr-TP304 (304 Pipe) |
E308-15 ER308 |
ER308 E308T-1 |
||
| P8 to P1 | SA312, Gr-TP304 (304 Pipe) |
SA53, Gr-B,-ERW Carbon Steel Pipe) |
||||
| P8 to P45 | SA312, Gr-TP304 (304 Pipe) |
SB464, UNS N080xx (NiCrMo Pipe) |
ENiCrMo-3 ER320 |
Includes alloys 8020, 8024, 8026 | ||
| P8 to P8 | SA312, Gr-TP304H (304H Pipe) |
SA312, Gr-TP304H (304H Pipe) |
E308H-16 ER308H |
|||
| P8 to P8 | SA312, Gr-TP304L (304L Pipe) |
SA312, Gr-TP304L (304L Pipe) |
E308L ER308L | ER308L | ||
| P8 to P8 | SA312, Gr-TP309 (309 Pipe) |
SA312, Gr-TP309 (309 Pipe) |
E309-15 ER309 | ER309 E309T-1 |
||
| P8 to P8 | SA312, Gr-TP310 (310 Pipe) |
SA312, Gr-TP310 (310 Pipe) |
E310-15 ER310 | ER310 | ||
| P8 to P8 | SA312, Gr-TP316 (316 Pipe) |
SA312, Gr-TP316 (316 Pipe) |
E316 ER316 |
ER316 | ||
| P8 to P8 | SA312, Gr-TP316L (316L Pipe) |
SA312, Gr-TP316L (316L Pipe) |
E316L ER316L |
ER316L E316LT-1 |
||
| P8 to P8 | SA312, Gr-TP317 (317 Pipe) |
SA312, Gr-TP317 (317 Pipe) |
E317-15 ER317 | ER317 | ||
| P8 to P8 | SA312, Gr-TP321 (321 Pipe) |
SA312, Gr-TP321 (321 Pipe) |
E347-15 ER347 | ER347 E347T-1 |
||
| P8 to P8 | SA312, Gr-TP347 (347 Pipe) |
SA312, Gr-TP347 (347 Pipe) |
E347-15 ER347 | ER347 E347T-1 |
||
| P8 to P8 | SA312, Gr-TP348 (348 Pipe) |
SA312, Gr-TP348 (348 Pipe) |
E347-15 ER347 |
ER347 | ||
| P1 to P8 | SA333, Gr-1 (Carbon Steel Pipe for Low-Temp Service) |
SA240,Type-304 (304 SS Heat-resistant Plate) |
ER309 | |||
| P1 to P1 | SA333, Gr-1 (Carbon Steel Pipe for Low-Temp Service) |
SA333, Gr-1 (Carbon Steel Pipe for Low-Temp Service) |
E8018-C3 ER80S-NiL |
ER80S-NiL | ||
| P9B to P9B | SA333, Gr-3 (Carbon Steel Pipe for Low-Temp Service) |
SA333, Gr-3 (Carbon Steel Pipe for Low-Temp Service) |
E8018-C2 ER80S-Ni3 |
|||
| P4 to P4 | SA333, Gr-4 (Carbon Steel Pipe for Low-Temp Service) |
SA333, Gr-4 (Carbon Steel Pipe for Low-Temp Service) |
E8018-C2 ER80S-Ni3 |
ER80S-NI3 E80C-Ni3 |
Y | |
| P1 to P8 | SA333, Gr-6 (Carbon Steel Pipe for Low-Temp Service) |
SA312, Gr-TP304 (304 SS Pipe) |
E309 ER309 |
|||
| P1 to P8 | SA333, Gr-6 (Carbon Steel Pipe for Low-Temp Service) |
SA312, Gr-TP304L (304L SS Pipe) |
||||
| P1 to P8 | SA333, Gr-6 (Carbon Steel Pipe for Low-Temp Service) |
SA312, Gr-TP316 (316 SS Pipe) |
ER309-16 ER309 |
|||
| P1 to P8 | SA333, Gr-6 (Carbon Steel Pipe for Low-Temp Service) |
SA312, Gr-TP316L (316L SS Pipe) |
ER309 | |||
| P1 to P1 | SA333, Gr-6 (Carbon Steel Pipe for Low-Temp Service) |
SA333, Gr-6 (Carbon Steel Pipe for Low-Temp Service) |
E8018-C3 ER80S-NiL |
ER80S-NiL | ||
| P1 to P1 | SA333, Gr-6 (Carbon Steel Pipe for Low-Temp Service) |
SA350, Gr-LF2 (Low Alloy Forgings) |
E7018-1 ER70S-1 |
|||
| P1 to P8 | SA333, Gr-6 (Carbon Steel Pipe for Low-Temp Service) |
SA358, Gr-316L (316L EFW Pipe) |
ER309L | |||
| P1 to P1 | SA333, Gr-6 (Carbon Steel Pipe for Low-Temp Service) |
SA537,Cl.-1<=2-1/2″ (CMnSi Steel, Heat-treated Plate) |
E7018 ER70S-2 |
Y | ||
| P3 to P3 | SA335, Gr-P1 (C1 1/2Mo Pipe for Hi-Temp Service) |
SA335, Gr-P1 (C1 1/2Mo Pipe for Hi-Temp Service) |
E7018-A1 ER80S-D2 |
ER80S-D2 | ||
| P4 to P8 | SA335, Gr-P11 (1 1/4Cr1/2Mo Pipe for Hi-Temp Service) |
SA312, Gr-TP304 (304 SS Pipe) |
ER309 | |||
| P4 to P4 | SA335, Gr-P11 (1 1/4Cr1/2Mo Pipe for Hi-Temp Service) |
SA335, Gr-P11 (1 1/4Cr1/2Mo Pipe for Hi-Temp Service) |
E8018-B2 ER80S-B2 |
ER80S-B2 | Y | |
| P4 to P5A | SA335, Gr-P11 (1 1/4Cr1/2Mo Pipe for Hi-Temp Service) |
SA335, Gr-P22 (2 1/4Cr1Mo Pipe for Hi-Temp Service) |
E8018-B2 ER80S-B2 |
ER80S-B2 | Y | |
| P3 to P3 | SA335, Gr-P2 (1/2Cr1/2Mo Pipe for Hi-Temp Service) |
SA335, Gr-P2 (1/2Cr1/2Mo Pipe for Hi-Temp Service) |
E8018-B2 ER80S-B2 |
ER80S-B2 | ||
| P5A to P5A | SA335, Gr-P22 (2 1/4Cr1Mo Pipe for Hi-Temp Service) |
SA335, Gr-P22 (2 1/4Cr1Mo Pipe for Hi-Temp Service) |
E9018-B3 ER90S-B3 |
ER90S-B3 | Y | |
| P5B to P6 | SA335, Gr-P5 (5Cr1/2Mo Pipe for Hi-Temp Service) |
SA268, Gr TP410 | E410-16 ER410 |
|||
| P5B to P5B | SA335, Gr-P5 (5Cr1/2Mo Pipe for Hi-Temp Service) |
SA335, Gr-P5 (5Cr1/2Mo Pipe for Hi-Temp Service) |
E8018-B6 ER80S-B6 |
ER80S-B6 | Y | |
| P5B to P5B | SA335, Gr-P9 (9Cr1Mo Pipe for Hi-Temp Service) |
SA335, Gr-P9 (9Cr1Mo Pipe for Hi-Temp Service) |
E8018-B8l | Y | ||
| P5B to P5B | SA335, Gr-P91 (9Cr1Mo Pipe for Hi-Temp Service) |
SA335, Gr-P91 (9Cr1Mo Pipe for Hi-Temp Service) |
Y | |||
| P3 to P3 | SA352, Gr-LC1 (Steel Castings for Low-Temp Service) |
SA352, Gr-LC1 (Steel Castings for Low-Temp Service) |
E7018-A1 ER80S-D2 |
ER80S-D2 | ||
| P9A to P9A | SA352, Gr-LC2 (NiCrMo Castings for Low-Temp Service) |
SA352, Gr-LC2 (NiCrMo Castings for Low-Temp Service) |
E8018-C1 ER80S-Ni2 |
ER80S-Ni2 E80C-Ni2 |
||
| P9B to P9B | SA352, Gr-LC3 (3-1/2%-Ni Castings for Low-Temp Service) |
SA352, Gr-LC3 (3-1/2%-Ni Castings for Low-Temp Service) |
E8018-C2 ER80S-Ni2 |
ER80S-Ni2 E80C-Ni3 |
||
| P8 to P8 | SA358, Gr-304 (304 SS EFW Pipe) |
SA358, Gr-304 (304 SS EFW Pipe) |
E308-15 ER308 | ER308 E308T-1 |
||
| P8 to P8 | SA358, Gr-304L (304L SS EFW Pipe) |
SA358, Gr-304L (304L SS EFW Pipe) |
E308L-15 ER308L |
ER308L E308LT-1 |
||
| P8 to P8 | SA358, Gr-309 (309 SS EFW Pipe) |
SA358, Gr-309 (309 SS EFW Pipe) |
E309-15 ER309 | ER309 E309T-1 |
||
| P8 to P8 | SA358, Gr-310 (310 SS EFW Pipe) |
SA358, Gr-310 (310 SS EFW Pipe) |
E310-15 ER310 | ER310 | ||
| P8 to P8 | SA358, Gr-316 (316 SS EFW Pipe) |
SA358, Gr-316 (316 SS EFW Pipe) |
E316-15 ER316 | ER316 E316T-1 |
||
| P8 to P8 | SA358, Gr-316L (316L SS EFW Pipe) |
SA358, Gr-316L (316L SS EFW Pipe) |
ER316L | E316LT-1 | ||
| P8 to P8 | SA358, Gr-321 (321 SS EFW Pipe) |
SA358, Gr-321 (321 SS EFW Pipe) |
E347-15 ER347 | ER347 E347T-1 |
||
| P8 to P8 | SA358, Gr-348 (348 SS EFW Pipe) |
SA358, Gr-348 (348 SS EFW Pipe) |
E347-15 ER347 | ER347 | ||
| P1 to P8 | SA36 (Carbon Structural Steel) |
SA240,Type-304 (304 SS Heat-resistant Plate) |
E 309 ER309 |
ER309 | ||
| P1 to P8 | SA36 (Carbon Structural Steel) |
SA240,Type-304L (304L SS Heat-resistant Plate) |
ER309L | |||
| P1 to P6 | SA36 (Carbon Structural Steel) |
SA240,Type-410 (410 Heat-resistant Plate) |
E309L-16 | |||
| P1 to P1 | SA36 (Carbon Structural Steel) |
SA36 (Carbon Structural Steel) |
E7014 ER70S-3 |
ER70S-3 E70T-1 |
||
| P1 to P3 | SA36 (Carbon Structural Steel) |
SA533,Type-B, (MnMoNi Plate) |
E7018 | ER70S-6 | Y | |
| P1 to P31 | SA36 (Carbon Structural Steel) |
SB152, UNS C10200 (Copper Plate |
ERCuSi-A | |||
| P1 to P45 | SA36 (Carbon Structural Steel) |
SB625, UNS N089xx (25/20 NiCr Plate) |
E309-16 | Includes 8904, 8925, 8926, 8932 | ||
| P3 to P3 | SA369, Gr-FP1 (C-1/2Mo Forged or bored Pipe) |
SA369, Gr-FP1 (C-1/2Mo Forged or bored Pipe) |
E7018-A1 ER80S-D2 |
ER80S-D2 E81T1-A1 |
||
| P4 to P4 | SA369, Gr-FP11 (1 1/4Cr-1/2Mo Forged or bored Pipe) |
SA369, Gr-FP11 (1 1/4Cr-1/2Mo Forged or bored Pipe) |
E8018-B2 ER80S-B2 |
ER80S-B2 E80C-B2 | Y | |
| P4 to P4 | SA369, Gr-FP12 (1Cr-1/2Mo Forged or bored Pipe) |
SA369, Gr-FP12 (1Cr-1/2Mo Forged or bored Pipe) |
E8018-B2 ER80S-B2 |
ER8S-B2 E80C-B2 |
Y | |
| P3 to P3 | SA369, Gr-FP2 (CrMo Forged or bored Pipe) |
SA369, Gr-FP2 (CrMo Forged or bored Pipe) |
E8018-B2 ER80S-B2 |
ER8S-B2 E80C-B2 |
||
| P8 to P8 | SA376, Gr-TP304 (304 SS SMLS Pipe for Hi-Temp Service) |
SA376, Gr-TP304 (304 SS SMLS Pipe for Hi-Temp Service) |
ER308 | |||
| P4 to P8 | SA387, Gr-11, (1 1/4Cr1/2Mo Plate) |
SA240,Type-304 (304 SS Heat-resistant Plate) |
E309 ER309 |
ER309 | ||
| P4 to P4 | SA387, Gr-11, (1 1/4Cr1/2Mo Plate) |
SA387, Gr-11, (1 1/4 Cr 1/2Mo Plate) |
E8018-B2 ER80S-B2 |
ER80S-B2 E81T1-B2 |
Y | |
| P4 to P8 | SA387, Gr-11, (1 1/4Cr1/2Mo Plate) |
SA240,Type-304 (304 SS Heat-resistant Plate) |
E309 ER309 |
ER309 | ||
| P4 to P8 | SA387, Gr-11, (1 1/4Cr1/2Mo Plate) |
SA240,Type-316 (316 SS Heat-resistant Plate) |
E309Cb-15 | |||
| P4 to P7 | SA387, Gr-11, (1 1/4Cr1/2Mo Plate) |
SA240,Type-410S (410S Heat-resistant Plate) |
E309-16 | |||
| P4 to P4 | SA387, Gr-11, (1 1/4Cr1/2Mo Plate) |
SA387, Gr-11, (1 1/4 Cr 1/2 Mo Plate) |
E8018-B2 ER80S-B2 |
ER80S-B2 | Y | |
| P5A to P8 | SA387, Gr-11, (1 1/4Cr1/2Mo Plate) |
SA240,Type-304 (304 SS Heat-resistant Plate) |
ENiCrMo-3 | |||
| P5A to P5A | SA387, Gr-22 (2 1/4Cr1Mo Plate) |
SA387, Gr-22 (2 1/4Cr1Mo Plate) |
E9018-B3 ER90S-B3 |
ER90S-B3 | Y | |
| P5B to P8 | SA387, Gr-5, (5Cr1/2Mo Plate) |
SA240,Type-316L (316L SS Heat-resistant Plate) |
E309 ER309 |
ER309 | ||
| P5B to P5B | SA387, Gr-5, (5Cr1/2Mo Plate) |
SA387, Gr-5, (5Cr1/2Mo Plate) |
E8018-B6 ER80S-B6 |
ER80S-B6 | Y | |
| P5B to P8 | SA387, Gr-5, (5Cr1/2Mo Plate) |
SA240,Type-316L (316L SS Heat-resistant Plate) |
E309 ER309 |
ER309 | ||
| P5B to P7 | SA387, Gr-5, (5Cr1/2Mo Plate) |
SA240,Type-410S (410S Heat-resistant Plate) |
ENiCrFe-2 | |||
| P5B to P5B | SA387, Gr-5, (5Cr1/2Mo Plate) |
SA387, Gr-5, (5Cr1/2Mo Plate) |
E8018-B6 ER80S-B6 |
ER80S-B6 | ||
| P8 to P8 | SA409, Gr-TP304 (304 SS large Dia. Pipe) |
SA312, Gr-TP347 (347 Pipe) |
E308 ER308 |
ER308 E308T-1 |
||
| P1 to P1 | SA414, Gr-G (Carbon Steel Plate) |
SA414, Gr-G (Carbon Steel Plate) |
E6012 ER70S-3 |
ER70S-3 E70T-1 |
||
| P1 to P45 | SA515, Gr-60 (Carbon Steel Plate) |
SB409, UNS N088xx (NiFeCr Plate) |
Eni-1 | Includes alloys 8800, 8810, 8811 | ||
| P1 to P3 | SA515, Gr-70 (Carbon Steel Plate) |
SA204, Gr-B (Alloy Steel, Molybdenum) |
E7018 ER70S-3 |
ER70S-3 E70T-1 |
||
| P1 to P8 | SA515, Gr-70 (Carbon Steel Plate) |
SA240,Type-316L (316L Heat-resistant SS Plate) |
||||
| P1 to P1 | SA515, Gr-70 (Carbon Steel Plate) |
SA515, Gr-70 (Carbon Steel Plate) |
E7018 ER70S-3 |
ER70S-3 E70T-1 |
||
| P1 to P41 | SA515, Gr-70 (Carbon Steel Plate) |
SB162, UNS N02200, 2201 (Nickel-99%) |
ERNi-1 | |||
| P1 to P43 | SA515, Gr-70 (Carbon Steel Plate) |
SB168, UNS N066xx | ENiCrFe-3 | Multiple 6600 series alloys, need more info | ||
| P1 to P1 | SA515, Gr-70 (Carbon Steel Plate) |
SA515, Gr-70 (Carbon Steel Plate) |
ER70S-2 | ER70S-3 | ||
| P1 to P1 | SA515, Gr-55 (Carbon Steel Plate) |
SA515, Gr-70 (Carbon Steel Plate) |
E7018 ER70S-2 |
E71T-1 | ||
| P1 to P8 | SA515, Gr-60 (Carbon Steel Plate) |
SA240,Type-304L (304L SS Heat-resistant Plate) |
E309-16 | |||
| P1 to P7 | SA515, Gr-60 (Carbon Steel Plate) |
SA240,Type-410S (410S Heat-resistant Plate) |
ER309L | |||
| P1 to P1 | SA515, Gr-60 (Carbon Steel Plate) |
SA515, Gr-60 (Carbon Steel Plate) |
E7018 | ER70S-3 | ||
| P1 to P1 | SA515, Gr-60 (Carbon Steel Plate) |
SA515, Gr-70 (Carbon Steel Plate) |
E7018-1 ER70S-2 |
E71T-1 | ||
| P1 to P1 | SA515, Gr-60 (Carbon Steel Plate) |
SA537,Cl.-1<=2-1/2″ (CMnSi Steel, Heat-treated Plate) |
E8010-G | |||
| P1 to P1 | SA515, Gr-65 (Carbon Steel Plate) |
SA537,Cl.-1<=2-1/2″ (CMnSi Steel, Heat-treated Plate) |
E8010-G | |||
| P1 to P9B | SA515, Gr-70 (Carbon Steel Plate) |
SA203, Gr-D (Alloy Steel, Nickel Plate) |
E7018 ER70S-3 |
ER70S-3 E70T-1 |
||
| P1 to P9B | SA515, Gr-70 (Carbon Steel Plate) |
SA203, Gr-E (Alloy Steel, Nickel Plate) |
E8018-C2 | |||
| P1 to P3 | SA515, Gr-70 (Carbon Steel Plate) |
SA203, Gr-B (Alloy Steel, Nickel Plate) |
E7018- ER70S-3 |
ER70S-3 E70T-1 |
||
| P1 to P3 | SA515, Gr-70 (Carbon Steel Plate) |
SA203, Gr-C (Alloy Steel, Nickel Plate) |
E7018 ER70S-3 |
ER70S-3 E70T-1 |
||
| P1 to P10H | SA515, Gr-70 (Carbon Steel Plate) |
SA240, Gr S31803 | E309LMo | Gr S31803 UNS N0t in current SectII | ||
| P1 to P10H | SA515, Gr-70 (Carbon Steel Plate) |
SA240, Gr S32550 | ENiCrFe-3 | Gr S32550 UNS N0t in current SectII | ||
| P1 to P8 | SA515, Gr-70 (Carbon Steel Plate) |
SA240,Type-304 (304 SS Heat-resistant Plate) |
E309-16 ER309 |
E309T-1 | ||
| P1 to P8 | SA515, Gr-70 (Carbon Steel Plate) |
SA240,Type-304H (304H SS Heat-resistant Plate) |
ENiCrFe-2 | |||
| P1 to P8 | SA515, Gr-70 (Carbon Steel Plate) |
SA240, Gr-304L (304L SS Heat-resistant Plate) |
E309L-16 | ER309L E309LT-1 |
||
| P1 to P8 | SA515, Gr-70 (Carbon Steel Plate) |
SA240,Type-316L (316L SS Heat-resistant Plate) |
ERNiCrFe-3 | E309LT-1 | ||
| P1 to P7 | SA515, Gr-70 (Carbon Steel Plate) |
SA240,Type-410S (410S Heat-resistant Plate) |
E410-16 | |||
| P1 to P3 | SA515, Gr-70 (Carbon Steel Plate) |
SA302, Gr-C (Alloy Steel Plate MnMoNi) |
E7018 ER70S-3 |
ER70S-3 E70T-1 |
||
| P1 to P4 | SA515, Gr-70 (Carbon Steel Plate) |
SA387SA387, Gr-22 (2 1/4Cr Plate) |
E7018 ER70S-3 |
ER70S-3 E70T-1 |
Y | |
| P1 to P5A | SA515, Gr-70 (Carbon Steel Plate) |
SA387, Gr-22 (2 1/4Cr1Mo Plate) |
E9018-B3 | Y | ||
| P1 to P5B | SA515, Gr-70 (Carbon Steel Plate) |
SA387, Gr-5 (5Cr1/2Mo Plate) |
E8018-B1 | Y | ||
| P1 to P1 | SA515, Gr-70 (Carbon Steel Plate) |
SA515, Gr-70 (Carbon Steel Plate) |
E7018 | |||
| P1 to P1 | SA515, Gr-70 (Carbon Steel Plate) |
SA515, Gr-70 (Carbon Steel Plate) |
E7018 ER70S-3 |
ER70S-3 E70T-1 |
||
| P1 to P42 | SA515, Gr-70 (Carbon Steel Plate) |
SB127, UNS N04400 (63Ni30Cu Plate) |
ENiCrFe-2 | |||
| P1 to P41 | SA515, Gr-70 (Carbon Steel Plate) |
SB162, UNS N02200, N02201 (Nickel-99%) |
Eni-1 | ERNi-1 | ||
| P1 to P41 | SA515, Gr-70 (Carbon Steel Plate) |
SB163, UNS N02200, N02201 (Nickel-99%) |
ENiCrFe-3 | |||
| P1 to P44 | SA515, Gr-70 (Carbon Steel Plate) |
SB333, UNS UNS N0.-N1000 (NiMo Plate) |
ENiCrFe-2 | Includes N10001, N10629, N10665, N10675 | ||
| P1 to P45 | SA515, Gr-70 (Carbon Steel Plate) |
SB409, UNS N088xx (NiFeCr Plate) |
ENiCrFe-2 | Includes alloys 8800, 8810, 8811 |
||
| P1 to P45 | SA515, Gr-70 (Carbon Steel Plate) |
SB424, UNS N08821, 8825 (NiFeCrMoCu Plate) |
ENiCrMo-3 | |||
| P1 to P45 | SA515, Gr-70 (Carbon Steel Plate) |
SB425, UNS N08821, 8825 (NiFeCrMoCu Rod & Bar) |
ERNiCrMo-3 | |||
| P1 to P45 | SA515, Gr-70 (Carbon Steel Plate) |
SB463, UNS N080xx (NiCrMo Plate) |
ENiCrMo-3 | E309LT-1 | Includes alloys 8020, 8024, 8026 |
|
| P1 to P44 | SA515, Gr-70 (Carbon Steel Plate) |
SB574, UNS N10276 (Low Carbon NiMoCrW Rod) |
ENiCrMo-4 | |||
| P1 to P44 | SA515, Gr-70 (Carbon Steel Plate) |
SB575, UNS N060xx | ENiCrMo-1 | Multiple N60XX specs. Need moreinformation |
||
| P1 to P44 | SA515, Gr-70 (Carbon Steel Plate) |
SB575, UNS N10276 (Low Carbon NiMoCrW Plate) |
ERNiCrFe-2 ERNiCrMo-10 |
|||
| P1 to P45 | SA515, Gr-70 (Carbon Steel Plate) |
SB625, UNS N089xx (NiCrMoCu Plate) |
Multiple 8900 series alloys, need more info | |||
| P1 to P45 | SA515, Gr-70 (Carbon Steel Plate) |
SB688, UNS N08366, N08367 (CrNiMoFe Plate) |
ENiCrMo-3 | |||
| P1 to P1 | SA53, Gr-A,-ERW (Carbon Steel Pipe) |
SA53, Gr-B,-ERW (Carbon Steel Pipe) |
E7018 ER70S-2 |
|||
| P1 to P5A | SA53, Gr-B,-ERW (Carbon Steel Pipe) |
SA335, Gr-P22 (2 1/4Cr1Mo Pipe for Hi-Temp Service) |
E6010 ER80S-D2 |
ER80S-D2 E70T-1 |
Y | |
| P1 to P1 | SA53, Gr-B,-ERW (Carbon Steel Pipe) |
SA53, Gr-B,-ERW (Carbon Steel Pipe) |
E6010 ER70S-3 |
ER70S-3 E71T-1 |
||
| P1 to P1 | SA53, Gr-B,-ERW (Carbon Steel Pipe) |
SA53, Gr-B,-Seamless (Carbon Steel Pipe) |
E6010 ER70S-3 |
ER70S-3 E71T-1 |
||
| P1 to P3 | SA533,Type-A (MnMo Plate) |
SA533,Type-A (MnMo Plate) |
E11018-M | E110T5-K4 | Y | |
| P1 to P9B | SA537,Cl.-1<=2-1/2″ (CMnSi Steel, Heat-treated Plate) |
SA203, Gr-E (Carbon Steel Plate) |
E8018-C2 ER80S-Ni3 |
ER80S-Ni3 | Y | |
| P1 to P1 | SA537,Cl.-1<=2-1/2″ (CMnSi Steel, Heat-treated Plate) |
SA533,Type-A (MnMo Plate) |
E7018 ER70S-3 |
ER70S-3 E70T-1 |
Y | |
| P1 to P1 | SA537,Cl.-1<=2-1/2″ (CMnSi Steel, Heat-treated Plate) |
SA537,Cl.-1<=2-1/2″ (CMnSi Steel, Heat-treated Plate) |
E7018 ER70S-3 |
ER70S-3 E70T-1 |
Y | |
| P1 to P42 | SA533,Type-A (MnMo Plate) |
SB127, UNS N04400 (NiCu Plate) |
ENiCu-7 | |||
| P1 to P9B | SA537,Cl.-1<=2-1/2″ (CMnSi Steel, Heat-treated Plate) |
SA203, Gr-E (Carbon Steel Plate) |
E8018-C2 ER80S-Ni3 |
ER80S-Ni3 | Y | |
| P1 to P9B | SA537,Cl.-1<=2-1/2″ (CMnSi Steel, Heat-treated Plate) |
SA203, Gr-E (Carbon Steel Plate) |
E8018-C2 ER80S-Ni3 |
ER80S-Ni3 | Y | |
| P1 to P1 | SA537,Cl.-1<=2-1/2″ (CMnSi Steel, Heat-treated Plate) |
SA537,Cl.-1<=2-1/2″ (CMnSi Steel, Heat-treated Plate) |
E10018-M | Y | ||
| P1 to P1 | SA537,Cl.-1<=2-1/2″ (CMnSi Steel, Heat-treated Plate) |
SA537,Cl.-1<=2-1/2″ (CMnSi Steel, Heat-treated Plate) |
E10018-M ER100S-1 |
ER100S-1 E100T-K3 |
Y | |
| P1 to P9B | SA537,Cl.-1<=2-1/2″ (CMnSi Steel, Heat-treated Plate) |
SA203, Gr-E (Carbon Steel Plate) |
E8018-C2 ER80S-Ni3 |
ER80S-Ni3 | Y | |
| P1 to P1 | SA541, Gr1 (Carbon Steel Forgings) |
SA537,Cl.-1<=2-1/2″ (CMnSi Steel, Heat-treated Plate) |
E7018 ER70S-3 |
ER70S-3 E70S-3 |
Y | |
| P5C to P5C | SA542,Type-A (2 1/4Cr1Mo Plate) |
SA542,Type-A (2 1/4Cr1Mo Plate) |
E9018-B3 ER90S-B3 |
ER90S-B3 | Y | |
| P10C to P10C | SA612 (Carbon Steel for Low-Temp Service) |
SA612 (Carbon Steel for Low-Temp Service) |
ER80S-D2 | ER80S-D2 E110T5-K4 |
||
| P1 to P1 | SA671, GrCC65 (Carbon Steel, Killed, Fine Grain, EFW Pipe for Low-Temp Service) |
SA515, Gr-70 (Carbon Steel Plate) |
ER80S-D2 | |||
| P1 to P1 | SA671, GrCC70 (Carbon Steel, Killed, Fine Grain, EFW Pipe for Low-Temp Service) |
SA671, GrCC70 (Carbon Steel, Killed, Fine Grain, EFW Pipe for Low-Temp Service) |
E6010 | |||
| P42 to P42 | SB127, UNS N04400 (63Ni30Cu Plate) |
SB127, UNS N04400 (63Ni30Cu Plate) |
ENiCu-7 ERNiCu-7 |
ERNiCu-7 | ||
| P42 to P43 | SB127, UNS N04400 (63Ni30Cu Plate) |
SB168, UNS N066XX | ENiCrFe-3 | High Nickel/Chrome, need final two digits to determine composition | ||
| P35 to P35 | SB148, UNS C952 | SB148, UNS C952XX | ERCuAl-A2 | |||
| P41 to P41 | SB160, UNS N02200, N02201 (99% Ni Rod & Bar) |
SB160, UNS N02200, N02201 (99% Ni Rod & Bar) |
ENi-1 ERNi-1 |
ERNi-1 | ||
| P41 to P41 | SB161, UNS N02200, N02201 (99% Ni SMLS Pipe) |
SB161, UNS N02200, N02201 (99% Ni SMLS Pipe) |
ENi-1 ERNi-1 | ERNi-1 | ||
| P41 to P41 | SB162, UNS N02200, N02201 (99% Ni Plate) |
SB162, UNS N02200, N02201 (99% Ni Plate) |
ENi-1 ERNi-1 |
|||
| P42 to P42 | SB165, UNS N04400 (63Ni28Cu SMLS Pipe) |
SB165, UNS N04400 (63Ni28Cu SMLS Pipe) |
ENiCu-7 ERNiCu-7 |
|||
| P43 to P43 | SB168, UNS N066xx | SB168, UNS N066xx | ENiCrFe-5 ERNiCrFe-5 |
ERNiCrFe-5 | High Nickel/Chrome, need final two digits to determine composition | |
| P43 to P43 | SB168, UNS N066xx | SB168, UNS N066xx | High Nickel/Chrome, need final two digits to determine composition | |||
| P34 to P34 | SB171, UNS C70600 (90Cu10Ni Plate) |
SB171, UNS C70600 (90Cu10Ni Plate) |
ECuNi | |||
| P34 to P34 | SB171, UNS C71500 (70Cu30Ni Plate) |
SB171, UNS C71500 (70Cu30Ni Plate) |
ERCuNi ERCuNi |
ERCuNi | ||
| P21 to P21 | SB209,Alclad-3003 (99% Aluminum Plate) |
SB209,Alclad-3003 (99% Aluminum Plate) |
ER4043 | |||
| P21 to P22 | SB209,Alclad-3003 (99% Aluminum Plate) |
SB209,Alclad-3004 (99% Aluminum Plate) |
ER5654 | |||
| P23 to P25 | SB209-6061 (99% Aluminum Plate) |
SB209-5456 (95Al,5Mn Plate) |
x | |||
| P21 to P21 | SB209,Alclad-3003 (99% Aluminum Plate) |
SB209,Alclad-3003 (99% Aluminum Plate) |
ER4043 | x | ||
| P22 to P22 | SB209,Alclad-3004 (99% Aluminum Plate) |
SB209,Alclad-3004 (99% Aluminum Plate) |
ER4043 | x | ||
| P22 to P22 | SB209,Alclad-3004 (99% Aluminum Plate) |
SB209,Alclad-3004 (99% Aluminum Plate) |
ER5654 | x | ||
| P22 to P23 | SB209,Alclad-3004 (99% Aluminum Plate) |
SB209-6061 (99% Aluminum Plate) |
ER5654 | |||
| P25 to P25 | SB209-5456 (95Al,5Mn Plate) |
SB209-5456 (95Al,5Mn Plate) |
ER5183 | x | ||
| P23 to P23 | SB209-6061 (99% Aluminum Plate) |
SB209-6061 (99% Aluminum Plate) |
ER4043 | x | ||
| P21 to P22 | SB210,Alclad-3003 (99% Aluminum SMLS Tube) |
SB209,Alclad-3004 (99% Aluminum Plate) |
ER5356 | |||
| P21 to P22 | SB210,Alclad-3003 (99% Aluminum SMLS Tube) |
SB210-5052-5154 (Al,Mn SMLS Tube) |
ER5356 | |||
| P23 to P23 | SB210-6061/6063 (99% Aluminum SMLS Pipe) |
SB210-6061/6063 (99% Aluminum SMLS Pipe) |
ER5356 | |||
| P25 to P25 | SB241-5083,5086,5456 (Al,Mn SMLS extruded Pipe) |
SB241-5083,5086,5456 (Al,Mn SMLS extruded Pipe) |
ER5183 | ER5183 | ||
| P51 to P51 | SB265, Grade-2 (Unalloyed Titanium Plate) |
SB265, Grade-2 (Unalloyed Titanium Plate) |
ERTi-1 | |||
| P44 to P44 | SB333, UNS UNS N0.-N10xxx (NiMo Plate) |
SB333, UNS UNS N0.-N10xxx (NiMo Plate) |
ENiMo-7 ERNiMo-7 |
ERNiMo-7 | Includes N10001, N10629, N10665, N10675 | |
| P45 to P45 | SB409, UNS N088xx (NiFeCr Plate) |
SB409, UNS N088xx (NiFeCr Plate) |
ERNiCr-3 ERNiCr-3 |
ERNiCr-3 | Includes alloys 8800, 8810, 8811 | |
| P45 to P45 | SB423, UNS N08825 (NiFeCrMoCu SMLS Pipe) |
SB423, UNS N08825 (NiFeCrMoCu SMLS Pipe) |
ERNiCrMo-3 | |||
| P45 to P45 | SB424, UNS N08825 (NiFeCrMoCu Plate) |
SB424, UNS N08825 (NiFeCrMoCu Plate) |
ERNiCrMo-3 | ERNiCrMo-3 | ||
| P32 to P32 | SB43, UNS C2300 (Red Brass SMLS Pipe) |
SB43, UNS C2300 (Red Brass SMLS Pipe) |
ERCuSi-A | |||
| P45 to P45 | SB463, UNS N080xx (NiCrMo Plate) |
SB625, UNS N089xx (NiCrMoCu Plate) |
ENiCrMo-3 | SB625-Multiple 8900 series- alloys, need more info SB 463-Includes alloys 8020, 8024, 8026 |
||
| P45 to P45 | SB463, UNS N080xx (NiCrMo Plate) |
SB463, UNS N080xx (NiCrMo Plate) |
E320-15 ER320 | Includes alloys 8020, 8024, 8026 | ||
| P45 to P45 | SB464, UNS N08020-Annealed (NiCrCuMo Pipe) |
SB464, UNS N08020-Annealed (NiCrCuMo Pipe) |
ERNiCrMo-3 | |||
| P34 to P34 | SB466, UNS C70600 (90Cu10Ni Pipe) |
SB466, UNS C70600 (90Cu10Ni Pipe) |
ERCuNi | |||
| P44 to P44 | SB574, UNS N10276 (Low Carbon NiMoCrW Rod) |
SB574, UNS N10276 (Low Carbon NiMoCrW Rod) |
ERNiCrMo-4 | |||
| P44 to P45 | SB575, UNS N060xx | SB464, UNS N08020-Annealed (NiCrCuMo Pipe) |
ERNiCrMo-4 | |||
| P44 to P44 | SB575, UNS N060xx | SB575, UNS N060 | ENiCrMo-4 ERNiCrMo-4 |
Multiple N60XX specs. Need moreinformation |
||
| P44 to P44 | SB575, UNS N10276 (Low Carbon NiMoCrW Plate) |
SB575, UNS N10276 (Low Carbon NiMoCrW Plate) |
ERNiCrMo-4 ERNiCrMo-4 |
|||
| P44 to P44 | SB619, UNS N102xx (NiCrMo alloy Pipe) |
SB619, UNS N102xx (NiCrMo alloy Pipe) |
ERNiCrMo-4 | Alloys in 102xx seris vary in composition, need exact alloy designation |
||
| P45 to P45 | SB625, UNS N089xx (NiCrMoCu Plate) |
SB625, UNS N089xx (NiCrMoCu Plate) |
ENiCrMo-3 ERNiCrMo-3 |
Multiple 8900 series alloys, need more info | ||
| P45 to P45 | SB688, UNS N08366, N08367 (CrNiMoFe Plate) |
SB688, UNS N08366, N08367 (CrNiMoFe Plate) |
ENiCrMo-3 ERNiCrMo-3 |
|||
| P45 to P45 | SB688, UNS N08366, N08367 (CrNiMoFe Plate) |
SB688, UNS N08366, N08367 (CrNiMoFe Plate) |
ENiCrMo-3 | |||
Guidelines for Welding Electrodes Handling and Storage
Proper electrode handling and storage are essential to maintaining electrode performance and preventing weld defects. Key practices include:
- Dry Storage: Keep electrodes in dry conditions to avoid moisture absorption. This is especially important for low-hydrogen electrodes (e.g., E7018), which require storage in a holding oven at 120–150°C.
- Conditioning Before Use: Electrodes exposed to moisture should be dried before use in an oven (e.g., 260–430°C for E7018). Improper drying can lead to hydrogen-induced cracking.
- Handling Practices: Avoid dropping or damaging the electrode coating, as cracks or chips can affect the welding arc and lead to poor-quality welds.
Common User Concerns and Solutions
1. Cracking
- Problem: Cracking in the weld or heat-affected zone (HAZ).
- Solution: Use low-hydrogen electrodes (E7018) and preheat thick or highly restrained joints to minimize residual stresses.
2. Porosity
- Problem: Presence of gas pockets in the weld.
- Solution: Ensure proper electrode storage to avoid moisture, and clean the base material before welding to remove oils, rust, or paint.
3. Undercutting
- Problem: Excessive groove formation along the weld toe.
- Solution: Use appropriate welding parameters (current and travel speed) and avoid excessive heat input.
Conclusion
Choosing the right Welding Electrodes is essential for achieving high-quality welds in steel pipes, plates, fittings, flanges, and valves. By considering factors such as the base material, welding position, mechanical properties, and environment, you can ensure a strong and durable weld. Proper handling and storage of electrodes also contribute to preventing common welding issues like cracking and porosity. This guideline serves as a comprehensive reference to help users make informed decisions in electrode selection, ensuring optimal results in welding operations.
